Toward an Updated Model of Engagement: How Worker Activation Impacts Men and Women's Discretionary Commitment, by Jonathan H. Westover PhD

Abstract: This article proposes an updated model of employee engagement that takes a more nuanced view of how gender impacts commitment levels. Traditionally, engagement models have viewed employees as a homogeneous group and emphasized only organizational drivers. The concept of "worker activation" is introduced to represent the psychological resources and energy employees devote to their work. Drawing on resource drain and identity theories, it is argued that women on average face more competing demands on their time and bandwidth from disproportionate family responsibilities and pressures of masculine work norms. Case studies from various industries show how enhancing flexibility, support, and inclusive culture can help equalize activation levels and strengthen discretionary commitment for all. An equitable, identity-affirming approach to engagement is advocated for maximizing workforce potential.